Asian Elephant

scientific name

Elephas maximus

size/weight/height

Weight: 7700 lbs. (average) " males may weigh 14,300 lbs.
Height. 9'9" (average)
reach maximum size at 25 yrs. old
Note. African elephants tend to be somewhat taller than their Asian counterparts, but generally they don't outweigh them " some people define "larger" by height, while others define it by bulk Where height is concerned, Packy = very large elephant!

adaptations/coloration

Feet: adapted to support great weight " stand on toes arranged in circle around spongy pad which cushions each step " zoo keepers trim feet bottoms (using same tools as those used to care for horses hooves) because elephants dont wear them down as much as they would in the wild
Smell: no reliable data exist for estimation that elephant can smell others 3 miles away
Teeth: 4 molars (2 upper & 2 lower) " well adapted to grinding up branches " each tooth weighs ~9 lbs. " 6 sets teeth in lifetime
Teeth Structure: series of plates - front plates break off & tooth builds up from back - pushing front tooth forward & out
Trunk: role in communication, feeding, olfaction, chemo-communication, offense/defense " amazingly strong & flexible " can lift heavy logs or pluck single leaf from tree " when completely submerged in water, extends trunk above surface to breathe " touch, lift, trumpet & use to drink " sucks water part-way into trunk then squirts it into mouth " weighs ~400 lbs. " contains hundreds (some sources say 40,000) of  muscles. Oregon Zoo elephants have been observed to virtually empty a 5-gal container of water in one siphon - indicating that an elephant's trunk can accommodate between 4.5 7 5 gallons.
Tusks: a long incisor - length up to 5' - weigh up to 40 lbs. " only some males have " constantly growing & wearing down
Tusk Innervation: nerve extends down tusk ~1/3 of distance from lip to tip (tusk = that portion which protrudes beyond the rim of the sulcus)
Tusk or Tush?: tushes lack innervation " tushes are smaller than tusks " most females & many males have tushes. (Packy has tushes)

behavior

Food: may spend as much as 18 - 20 hours daily feeding

reproduction/life span

Life Span: roughly comparable to human life span " 55-65 yrs. (65-70 yrs. is comparatively rare)
Sexual Maturity. males 8-12 yrs. " females 6-10 yrs. " but doesn't mean that elephants breed at these ages under wild conditions - in fact, breeding at these ages highly unlikely
Gestation. 630-660 days
Delivery/Birthing. upright position - rear-end first " height typically 32-36" (grows ~1"/mo.) " mother accompanied by other adult females ("aunties") that protect the young
Infant. 200-250 lbs. " gains 2½-3 lbs. daily " nurses up to 5 yrs. (in wild) 

diet

herbivore

Wild:  bamboo, fruits (500 lbs. vegetation) leaves, shoots, reeds, grasses, 50 gal water
Zoo: vary with animal, its age, etc. " typically, adult cow might eat 1 bale (100 lbs.) of timothy hay, 20-80 lbs. produce (dependent upon availability), 1 gal rolled oats, 1½ gal specially-formulated pelleted feed, 30-50 gal water, various vitamin & mineral supplements " bulls consume somewhat greater quantities of hay & grain   " Oregon Zoo keepers also dispense 2-6 cases of "treats" each day

habitat/range

variety of terrain " thick jungle to open grassy plains " Burma, Ceylon, India, Malaya, & as far east as Vietnam " Indigenous to areas of high altitude (e.g., Nepal)

status

US Endangered " CITES App I " SSP " critically endangered " Oregon Zoo holds Asian Elephant Regional Stud Book " Asian elephants' situation much more precarious than African counterparts " endangered primarily because of habitat loss due to expansion of human populations " not generally, killed for sport or profit
African elephants. subject to slaughter, on reserves that are too small for their population " their feeding habits become destructive when confined in these small areas " does not, at present, apply to Asian elephants

population

Vietnam: 1100-1500, according to currently available population statistics
Total estimated population worldwide: 34,390-56,045 individuals

oregon zoo exhibit
Elephants

Visit the Elephant Museum
Get to know the Oregon Zoo's elephant herd
Learn about our successful breeding program
Find out more about the elephant world from the Elephant Managers Association

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